Philippine Studies (Manila),
Ateneo de Manila University,
Volume 43, 1, First Quarter, pp.3-27
Spanish version: «Falange Española en Extremo Oriente, 1936-45”
Revista Española del Pacífico, Vol. 3, pp. 85-111.Asociación Española de Estudios del Pacífico, 1994.
The Falange affiliates numbered some 800 in its best times during the Spanish Civil War, but the number was reduced to 200 during the Japanese occupation. Based mainly in Manila, it had an organization also in Iloilo and some affiliates in places as Cebu or Camarines, where also worked the Auxilio Social, which founded in Manila the «Hogar José Antonio» for giving charity. The feminine section and three youth sections completed the affiliated organizations. The Falange published [4] two reviews, Yugo (Yoke), from 1938 to 1941, and Legazpi, for children.
The high point of Falange activities came toward the end of the Civil War up to the year 1941, when communications with Spain were severely restricted. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, its activities were limited only to the celebration of masses or «Te Deum» and the vestiges of the organizations disappeared completely after the defeat of Japan by the allied forces.
Returning to the Falange activities, let us study them divided into three main periods in the Falange’s development, as the conditions for their political struggle changed dramatically due to the overall context:
The Philippine Falange , the informal name for the Spanish National Assemblies of the Philippines ( Juntas Nacionales Españolas ), was a Philippine falangist political party that was a branch of the Spanish Falange. [ 1 ] It was founded in 1936. [ 2 ] The party was initially led from the late 1930s by Spanish citizen and businessman Andrés Soriano. [ 1 ] [ 3 ] A leadership struggle occurred between Martín Pou and Enrique Zóbel de Ayala. [ 1 ]
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